英语表示“天气热”词汇辨析

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说到天气热就只有“hot”？闷热，湿热，燥热分别怎么说？一起来辨析不同涵义“天气热”的词汇吧！



1、只表示空气不流通，很闷（干）：stuffy, airless, suffocating, still, smother（专用）, gag (专用)

1）stuffy--a room or building that is stuffy does not have enough fresh air in it :

It's getting stuffy in here – do you mind if I open the window?

2) airless--airless places or conditions are unpleasant because there is not enough fresh air → airy (通风良好的--airy) an airless room

3) suffocating（making it difficult to breathe normally）--be suffocating to feel uncomfortable because there is not enough fresh air :

Can you open a window? I'm suffocating. 能开一下窗么，我快闷死了。The afternoon heat was suffocating.
4）still: not windy : 无风的a hot still day

5）smother－to kill someone by putting something over their face to stop them breathing → suffocate : 这是专用词，专业用于杀人，不可指天气闷――捂住口鼻把人闷死
A teenage mother was accused of smothering her 3-month-old daughter.

6）gag-- [ transitive ] to put a piece of cloth over someone's mouth to stop them making a noise : 这也是专用词，记得要在绑架和胁迫时才可使用，平时不可随意乱用。该词指用布条、封口胶等封住受害人嘴。不可连鼻子也一起盖住，因为这不是谋杀，只是肋迫哟，要谋杀的话找smother即可（可叹的是这么恐怖的一个词居然有一个mother在里面，不知道造词者当时是怎么想的，难怪smother的例句中都是举的一些10多岁的未婚妈妈把孩子闷死。唉！）

Thugs gagged her and tied her to a chair. 一群混混把她嘴封住，绑在椅子上

He left his victim bound and gagged. 绑起来，把嘴封住。

突然想到，如果不是封住嘴，而是把臭袜子塞进受害人嘴里，又该用什么动词呢？当然可以说put smelly socks into hermouth. 但有没有类似gag这么专业的选手呢？



2、表示空气不流通并且很热，但不潮湿（干热）：oppressive,stifling

1）Oppressive――( of the weather ) extremely hot and unpleasant and lacking fresh air: the oppressive heat of the afternoon

2）stifling－a room or weather that is stifling is very hot and uncomfortable, so that it seems difficult to breathe :

a stifling, crowded train the stifling heat of the tropics



3、空气不流通并且很潮湿所以相当闷热，使人易流汗（湿热）：sultry, steamy, steaming, muggy, humid

1）sultry—(of the weather or air, very hot and uncomfortable) weather that is sultry is hot with air that feels wet SYN humid : 闷热(湿气重，成都夏天的典型天气)
a hot and sultry day Since the rain, the air had become heavy and still and sultry. 自那场雨之后，空气一直都潮湿闷热，没有一丝风。

2）muggy— informal muggy weather is unpleasantly warm and the air seems wet SYN humid　闷热潮湿的
(of weather ) warm and damp in an unpleasant way

a muggy August day 八月里闷热的一天

Muggy和sultry可以换用。
3）steamy—a steamy day or steamy weather feels hot and humid；hot and clammy: unbearably or uncomfortably hot and humid the steamy heat of Tokyo 东京的潮湿闷热

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4）steaming—(steaming hot very hot :
It was a steaming hot day.

朗文英英说这是副词，不是形容词。但牛津第8版说它是形容词，这下遇到冲突了。在对多本字典进行同一词汇辨析时，有时会遇到这种冲突现象。真不知道该听谁的了。朗文是我的最爱，牛津又是一位严谨、博学的好老师；柯林斯是一位富有魅力的年轻老师，知识丰富，语言生动有趣。而韦氏又是公认的老学究老权威。唉，我的“唯字典论”又遇到大挑战了。看来，我被各大英文字典逼疯，是迟早的事！

5）Humid: (of the air or climate) warm and damp These ferns will grow best in a humid atmosphere. The island is hot and humid in the summer.

if the weather is humid, you feel uncomfortable because the air is very wet and usually hot → humidity :

Tokyo is extremely humid in mid-summer.



4、只表示热，无空气流通与否的概念，也无潮湿的感觉：

hot, burning, swelter, searing, scorching, blazing, blistering, boiling（口语）, baking（口语）, roasting（口语）,broiling（口语），sizzling, torrid (文气词)

1)hot: 表示“热”这一概念的最普通、最朴素的词，但是其“热力”却非常强大，特别是与其它“热”词组合之后可表达千变万化的概念：
scorching/baking/roasting hot ( also boiling/broiling hot) American English (= used about weather that is very hot )
a scorching hot week in August (8月里炎热的一周)
stifling/sweltering/unbearably hot (= used about weather that is very hot and uncomfortable ) The office gets unbearably hot in summer.

boiling/scalding/steaming hot (= used about liquid that is extremely hot ) The coffee was scalding hot.
piping hot (= used about food that is nice and hot ) Serve the soup piping hot.
red hot (= used to describe an object or surface that is very hot ) The handle was red hot.
white hot (= used to describe metal that is extremely hot ) He held the metal in the flame until it became white hot.

2）burning: feeling very hot : Claudia put her hands to her burning face; the burning sun

常与hot联用，表达“极度炎热”概念。

3）sweltering: extremely hot and uncomfortable : sweltering August days to be very hot in a way that makes you feel uncomfortable

Passengers sweltered in temperatures of over 90°F.

热得难受、热得喘不过气

If you describe the weather as sweltering, you mean that it is extremely hot and makes you feel uncomfortable.

4）searing：extremely hot: extremely intense or strong；felt a searing pain；the searing heat of the desert，常接名词heat，不可直接作表语表示炎热，例如不能说：It is searing today.

5) scorching: extremely hot the scorching desert heat a scorching hot day有时可与searing换用：

They walked all day in the scorching (searing) heat.

6) blazing：blazing adjective [ only before noun ] 1 extremely hot :

a blazing August afternoon

(also blazing hot ) extremely hot blazing heat （此处同searing/scorching） a blazing hot day

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7）blistering：extremely hot SYN blazing : the blistering heat of the desert extremely hot in a way that is uncomfortable

baking a blistering July day （哈哈，终于来了一个6月的一天了）

blistering heat （可与searing/scorching/blazing换用）

8）sizzling：very hot SYN boiling :

a sizzling afternoon very hot, extremely hot sizzling summer temperatures

9）boiling/baking/roasting/broiling:

boiling: spoken very hot OPP freezing : Can I open a window? It's boiling in here. It was a boiling hot morning.
baking: used to say that a person or place is
very hot : I'm baking! a baking hot day. ( also baking hot ) extremely hot ――We waited for hours in the baking sun.
roasting: ( also roasting hot ) informal very hot, especially so that you feel uncomfortable : a roasting hot day; I'm absolutely roasting in this suit.
broiling: American English broiling weather, sun etc makes you feel extremely hot SYN boiling : a broiling day

10）Torrid: literary torrid weather is very hot : ( formal )( of a climate or country ) 多用于正式文体中，常指“干热”hot and dry

the torrid desert sun

a torrid summer

The torrid weather in the United States has had its duplicate here. During last week the thermometer registered between 90 and 95 degrees, touching the maximum on Friday, when 102 was recorded in the shade,making it the hottest day ever recorded in Paris. The extreme heat continues today, without any indication of a break in the hot spell.

作者：Bluebird  来源：爱思英语