【076】词根词缀专栏[151-200]@柯林斯COBUILD高阶英汉双解学习词典（第8版）

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2017-02-27

作者：GoldenDict
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剑桥高阶英汉双解词典

base form
in grammar, the simplest form of a verb, without a special ending 词根；词干
» The base form of ‘calling’ is ‘call’. calling 的词干是 call。
root
The root of a word is its most basic form, to which other parts, such as affixes, can be added 词根
» The root of the word ‘sitting’ is ‘sit’.sitting 这个词的词根是 sit。
stem
the part of a word that is left after you take off the part which changes when forming a plural, past tense, etc. 词干
» From the stem ‘sav-‘ you get ‘saves’, ‘saved’, ‘saving’ and ‘saver’.由词干 sav- 可以衍生出 saves，saved，saving 和 saver。
affix
a letter or group of letters which are added to the beginning or end of a word to make a new word 词缀
» The affixes un- and -less are often used to make negative words, such as ‘unhappy’ and ‘careless’.词缀 un- 和 -less 常用来构成表示否定意义的词，如单词 unhappy 和 careless。
suffix
a letter or group of letters added at the end of a word to make a new word 后缀，词尾
» The suffix ‘-ness’ added to the end of the word ‘sweet’ forms the word ‘sweetness’, changing an adjective into a noun.后缀 -ness加在 sweet 之后构成 sweetness，把形容词变成了名词。
prefix
a letter or group of letters added to the beginning of a word to make a new word 前缀
» In the word ‘unimportant’, ‘un-‘ is a prefix. 在单词 unimportant 中，un- 是前缀。

特别说明：下面的汉字均系人工查阅《柯林斯 COBUILD 高阶英汉双解学习词典》（第 8 版）而后录入，如有错漏，还请见谅并指出。

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• mut ≈ changing  改变: commute, immutable, mutate
  
• par ≈ equal  等同: compare, disparate, part
  
• pel ≈ driving 驱使,  forcing  强迫: compel, expel, propel
  
• plac ≈ pleasing  令人高兴: complacent, placate, placebo
  
• ple ≈ filling  填充: complement, complete, deplete
  
• ate ≈ causing to be  造成: complicate, humiliate, motivate
  
• puls ≈ driving 驱使,  pushing  推: compulsion, expulsion, impulse
  
• curr, curs ≈ running 跑,  flowing  流: concurrent, current, incursion
  
• cuss ≈ striking  击打: concussion, percussion, repercussion
  
• damn, demn ≈ harm 伤害,  loss  损失: condemn, damnation, indemnify
  
• fig ≈ form 形状,  shape  外形: configure, disfigure, figment
  
• flate ≈ blowing  吹气: conflate, flatulence, inflate
  
• grat ≈ pleasing  令人高兴: congratulate, gratify, gratitude
  
• sci ≈ knowing  知道: conscious, omniscient, science
  
• con ≈ together 一起,  with  和: consensus, contemporary, convene
  
• sequ ≈ following  跟随: consequence, sequel, sequence
  
• ory ≈ place where something happens  发生处: conservatory, depository, factory
  
• serv ≈ keeping  保持: conserve, observe, preserve
  
• stell ≈ star  星: constellation, interstellar, stellar
  
• struct ≈ building  建造: construct, destructive, instruct
  
• summ ≈ highest point  最高点: consummate, summary, summation
  
• tact ≈ touching  接触: contact, intact, tactile
  
• tempo ≈ time  时间: contemporary, temporal, temporary
  
• contra ≈ against  反；逆: contraband, contraception, contradict
  
• tract ≈ dragging 拖,  drawing  拉: contract, subtract, tractor
  
• dict ≈ speaking  说: contradict, dictate, predict
  
• verg, vert ≈ turning  转: converge, diverge, subvert
  
• vert ≈ turning  转: convert, invert, revert
  
• vict, vinc ≈ conquering  征服: convict, convince, invincible
  
• viv ≈ living  生；活: convivial, revival, survive
  
• ware ≈ merchandise  商品: cookware, hardware, software
  
• oper ≈ work  工作: co-operate, opera, operation
  
• copul, coupl ≈ join  结合: copula, copulate, couple
  
• coron ≈ crown  冠；冕: corona, coroner, coronet
  
• corp ≈ body  身体: corpse, corpulent, incorporate
  
• ulent ≈ full of  充满…的: corpulent, fraudulent, opulent
  
• rect ≈ right 正确,  straight  直: correct, rectangle, rectify
  
• cor ≈ with  和: correlate, correspond, corroborate
  
• age ≈ state of …状态,  related to  有关…: courage, marriage, parentage
  
• creat ≈ making  创造: creation, creature, procreate
  
• ator ≈ one who does  行…事者: creator, illustrator, narrator
  
• cred ≈ to believe  相信: credentials, credibility, incredible
  
• cresc, creas ≈ growing  增长: crescent, decrease, increase
  
• crit ≈ to judge  判断: critic, critical, criticize
  
• cruc ≈ cross  十字: crucial, crucifix, crucify
  
• crust ≈ hard covering  硬壳: crust, crustacean, encrusted
  
• crypt ≈ hidden  隐藏: crypt, cryptic, encrypt
  
• cumber, cumbr ≈ hindering  阻碍: cumbersome, encumber, encumbrance
  
• cur ≈ caring  照顾: curative, curator, manicure
  
• custod ≈ guarding  守卫: custodial, custodian, custody